Compost yog dab tsi thiab nws ua li cas?

Compost yog qee yamorganic chiv, uas muaj nplua nuj as-ham, thiab muaj ib tug ntev thiab ruaj khov fertilizer nyhuv.Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, nws txhawb kev tsim ntawm cov av khoom grain qauv, thiab ua rau kom cov av muaj peev xwm khaws tau dej, cua sov, huab cua, thiab chiv.Thiab, compost yuav tov nrog.tshuaj chivlos muab qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj chiv, uas yuav ua rau cov av tawv thiab txo qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov dej thiab cov chiv khaws cia nrog kev siv mus ntev.Yog li ntawd, keeb kwm, compost yeej ib txwm muaj nuj nqis los ntawm kev cog kev lag luam.

1.Yuav ua li cas ua compost?

Feem ntau hais lus, compost yog ua los ntawm ntau yam tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag residues (xws li qoob loo straw, nroj tsuag, nplooj, peat, khib nyiab, thiab lwm yam pov tseg, thiab lwm yam) raws li lub ntsiab raw khoom fermented thiab decomposed nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm kub thiab av noo. Vim nws cov ntaub ntawv composting thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, thiab nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom xyaw chiv zoo ib yam li cov quav, yog li nws tseem hu ua cov khoom ua liaj ua teb manure.

Compost muaj keeb kwm ntev heev, thiab nws cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yooj yim muaj cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:

1.Sau cov ntaub ntawv raw: khaws cov khib nyiab hauv zos (xws li straw, vines, nroj tsuag, nplooj poob ntawm cov ntoo), ntau lawm los yog cov khib nyiab hauv tsev (xws li cov av nkos, cais cov khib nyiab, thiab lwm yam), thiab excrement los ntawm aquaculture (Piv txwv li, tsiaj txhu quav, ntxuav cov dej khib nyiab, thiab lwm yam) tau sau thiab siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau composting;

2. Kev ua cov khoom siv raw: kom zoo tsoo cov stalks, stems, ceg, thiab lwm yam, thiab zuaj lawv mus rau hauv qhov ntev ntawm 3 mus rau 5 ntiv tes.

3. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv raw: Tag nrho cov khoom siv raw yog sib xyaw kom zoo, thiab qee cov neeg yuav ntxiv cov calcium cyanamide kom tsim nyog los txhawb nws cov fermentation.

4. Composting thiab fermentation: npog los ntawm tawg mats, rags, straw los yog ntaub yas kom tsis txhob poob ntawm chiv, thiab muab tso rau hauv ib tug composting los yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.Yog tias tsis muaj cov khib nyiab khib nyiab, qhov qhib huab cua tuaj yeem xaiv tau, tab sis yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw tsim nyog kom tsis txhob poob cov chiv vim lub hnub, nag thiab cua.

5. Tig cov nplooj lwg mus rau kev loj hlob: Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov chiv ua kom sib npaug thiab decomposed sab hauv thiab sab nraud, cov nplooj lwg yuav tsum tau muab tso rau txhua 3 ~ 4 lub lis piam.Tom qab li 3 lub hlis, koj tuaj yeem pib siv nws.

2.Yuav ua li cas kom compost zoo dua?

Composting yuav muab faib ua ob txoj kev: ib txwm composting thiab high-temperature composting.Lub qub tuaj nrog fermentation kub, thiab tom kawg muaj ntau dua pre-fermentation kub.

Composting ib txwm yog qhov ua tau los ntawm kev cog qoob loo rau ntau txhiab xyoo.Los ntawm txoj kev no, uas tau txais kev sib xyaw yooj yim, kev tsim khoom tsim khoom, thiab ntuj fermentation, tuaj yeem hu ua "waterlogged composting".Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm ntev heev, nrog hnyav tsw thaum lub sij hawm fermentation, thiab loj nutrient poob.Yog li qhov no tsis yog txoj hauv kev niaj hnub composting peb ua raws tam sim no.

Cov khib nyiab ntawm daim duab no yog qhov sib txawv ntau dua, uas nyob ze rau ntawm thaj teb lossis lub vaj txiv hmab nrog qhov chaw qhib me ntsis, los ntawm rub tawm cov quav, straw, thiab lwm yam thiab centralized stacking nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw.Hauv qee qhov chaw, nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntau lub hlis ua ntej siv.

Rau qhov kub-kub composting, ferment feem ntau yog yuav tsum tau.Qhov kub-kub fermentation ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke txhawb cov fermentation sai thiab loj hlob ntawm cov fermentation substrate, thiab tib lub sij hawm, nws muaj peev xwm tua cov kab mob sab hauv, kab qe thiab nroj. noob .Qhov no yog txoj hauv kev zoo los ua compost tam sim no, thiab nws kuj yog ib feem uas tau piav qhia hauv kab lus no.

Raws li kev xaiv cov chaw, muaj ob txoj hauv kev rau kev kub-kub composting: semi-pit stacking method thiab av stacking method.

Cov txheej txheem semi-pit stacking tam sim no tau hloov mus rau hauv lub tank fermentation tom qab lub Hoobkas tsim khoom, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv tshuab thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm.

Txoj kev hauv av stacking kuj xav tau kev koom tes ntawm ntau yam khoom siv compost los txhim kho kev tsim khoom.

Koj tuaj yeem pom tias niaj hnub organic composting twb txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm:

Cov lus sib piv hauv qab no qhia qhov sib txawv ntau dua qhov xav tau:

Cov saum toj no yog ib qho yooj yim sib piv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm "organic compost" ua los ntawm ob txoj kev, tab sis tsis meej.Tab sis peb tseem tuaj yeem pom qhov txawv.Tau kawg, nws yog nyob ntawm koj txiav txim seb txoj kev twg zoo dua.

Peb kuj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm lub rooj hais tias cov khoom siv raw siv hauv fermentation yog qhov zoo ib yam.

Lub ntsiab lus yog tias nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, cov txheej txheem kub-kub tau ua ntau yam kev txhim kho.Nws tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam kev sib txuas ntawm cov organic raw cov ntaub ntawv rau composting: piv txwv li, tsiaj txhu manure, gasket cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov khoom noj seem yog tov thiab stacked;qoob loo stalks, ntsuab manure, nroj tsuag thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv cog yog tov nrog av, tib neeg quav, khib nyiab, thiab lwm yam ....…

Cov kev xav tau stacking: Sib tov txhua yam ntawm cov khoom siv raw li sib npaug li sai tau;qhov siab ntawm lub qhov rais yog 80-100 cm;cov dej noo tsis pub tsawg tshaj 35% thiab tsis ntau tshaj 60%;tswj cov huab cua zoo permeability.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: Siv cov kab mob aerobic kom zoo fermentation, sai sai decompose ntau yam organic teeb meem, tsim me me molecular as-ham thiab humus, thiab tsim ntau yam microbial metabolites nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, uas yog conducive rau cog as-ham, tiv thaiv hauv paus thiab txhim kho av. .

Txheej txheem txheej txheem: tshuaj ntsuam (crushing)-sib tov-fermentation (tig pawg)-maturity-(modulation)-cov khoom tiav.Piv nrog rau lwm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, cov txheej txheem no yooj yim dua.Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog "fermentation (tig lub pawg)".

Compost fermentation yog ze ze rau cov kab mob fermentation, kub, av noo, lub sij hawm, hom, loj, thiab tig lub sij hawm ntawm fermentation substrates.

Peb tau pom qee qhov teeb meem lossis kev nkag siab tsis zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm ntau qhov chaw fermentation, thiab peb yuav xaiv ob peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los qhia rau koj:

• Fermentation tus neeg saib xyuas: Tsis ntev npaum li qhov fermentation tuaj yeem ua kom kub kub yog "tus neeg sawv cev zoo fermentation".Tus neeg sawv cev zoo fermentation tsuas yog siv cov kab mob yooj yim heev, thiab tsuas yog 1 lossis 2 hom kab mob fermentation ua haujlwm.Txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau qhov kub thiab txias, nws muaj kev ua haujlwm qis hauv decomposition thiab kom loj hlob ntawm lwm yam tshuaj, thiab cov nyhuv composting tsis zoo tagnrho.Yog li ntawd, txoj cai fermentation tus neeg sawv cev yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws!

• Raw khoom sieving: Vim muaj ntau qhov chaw ntawm fermentation raw cov ntaub ntawv, lawv yuav muaj pob zeb, hlau, iav, yas thiab lwm yam sundries.Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem sieving yuav tsum tau dhau los ua ntej compost ntau lawm.cov txheej txheem sieving yuav tsum tsim nyog los xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj kev raug mob ntawm tus kheej thiab cov khoom puas tsuaj, thiab cov khoom zoo.Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm, ntau cov chaw tsim khoom "xav tias nws yog teeb meem", thiab txiav tawm cov txheej txheem no, ces thaum kawg ua rau poob.
• Cov av noo yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua 40%, lossis siab dua 60%.Ntau tus neeg tsim khoom tsis them nyiaj ntau rau kev tswj dej, uas ua rau fermentation tsis ua haujlwm.

• Fermentation tig compost: Ntau tus neeg tsim khoom tsis ua qhov cua tig thaum lub fermentation pawg nce mus txog 50-60 ℃ thaum lub sij hawm fermentation txheej txheem.Ntxiv mus, ntau "cov kws kho mob" qhia lawv cov neeg siv khoom los ntawm kev hais tias "feem ntau, fermentation yuav tsum siab tshaj 56 ℃ rau 5-6 hnub, thiab kub ntawm 50-60 ℃ rau 10 hnub yuav txaus."

Qhov tseeb, muaj cov txheej txheem ua ntej fermentation ceev ceev thaum lub sij hawm fermentation, thiab qhov kub yuav nce ntxiv sai, feem ntau tshaj 65 ° C.Yog hais tias lub compost tsis tig rau theem no, high-zoo organic compost yuav tsis raug tsim.

Yog li ntawd, thaum qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv lub compost nce mus txog 60 ℃, lub compost yuav tsum tau muab dua.Feem ntau tom qab 10 teev, qhov kub ntawm cov compost yuav ncav cuag qhov kub no dua, ces nws yuav tsum tau muab rov qab dua.Tom qab mus txog 4 mus rau 5 zaug, thaum qhov kub thiab txias hauv fermentation reactor tswj ntawm 45-50 ℃, thiab tsis nce ntxiv.Lub sijhawm no, kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv rau txhua 5 hnub.

Obviously, nws yog impractical siv manpower los ua xws li ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm compost.Qhov no tsis tsuas yog xav tau ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab lub sijhawm, kev tsim cov nyhuv compost tsis zoo tagnrho.Yog li ntawd, peb yuav siv lub tshuab tig rau kev ua haujlwm.

3.Yuav xaiv li cas aorganic compost tig tshuab?

Muaj cov cab loj loj ntawm cov chiv ua tshuab: trench compost turner thiab self-propelled compost turners.Trench compost turner xav tau cov chaw tshwj xeeb thiab kev noj ntau, cov qauv nyuaj thiab cov nqi tsim khoom siab.Ntawm qhov ntawd, vim tsis muaj cua ntxiv, nws yuav ua rau cov nyhuv fermentation tsis zoo.

Self-propelledcompost turnerstshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov straddle-type compost turner, yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tus kheej-propelled compost turners yog tias lawv muaj ntau tshaj li lwm hom.

Nws cov kev ua haujlwm tau zoo heev, tab sis kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Meanwhile, kev ua haujlwm, kev saib xyuas thiab kev saib xyuas yog qhov yooj yim thiab yooj yim, uas tuaj yeem txuag tau ntau tus nqi thiab sijhawm.Lawv cia siab rau lawv tus kheej lub log los yog lem kom txav mus los hla cov kab sib tw, thiab hydraulic los yog siv tsav tsheb chais los yog cov tillers nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub fuselage tig cov pawg.Tom qab tig, lub qhov rais tshiab yog tsim, thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv ib tug fluffy thiab xoob lub xeev, tsim ib tug haum aerobic lub xeev rau fermentation ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog heev conducive rau zus tau tej cov thiab fermentation ntawm organic compost.

Raws li kev paub txog compost turner chaw tsim tshuaj paus,TAGRMtau tshaj tawm tus nqi-zoo heev organic compost turner raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm compost ntau lawm thiab cov kev xav tau tiag tiag ntawm cov neeg muas zaub:M3600 Nws.Nws yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug 128HP (95KW) roj av cav, steel khiav npog nrog roj hmab tiv lub tes tsho.Nws ua hauj lwm dav yog 3.4 meters, thiab ua hauj lwm qhov siab yog 1.36 meters, nws muaj peev xwm ua 1250 cubic meters ntawm organic compost ib teev, thiab nruab nrog ib tug ntau yam tshwj xeeb cutter hau, uas tuaj yeem zom thiab ua cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov av noo, siab viscosity manure, sludge thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv raw.Nws yog qhov yooj yim rau kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov pa oxygen thiab ua kom cov compost fermentation.Tsis tas li ntawd, nws txoj kev ywj pheej cockpit muaj kev pom zoo thiab kev tsav tsheb zoo.

Yog tias koj muaj lus nug lossis xav tau, thov hu rau peb los ntawm txoj hauv qab no:
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