5 Yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam tsiaj txhu thiab kev ceev faj thaum fermenting organic chiv (Part 2)

Lub fermentation thiab maturation ntawm organic chiv yog ib tug complex txheej txheem.Yuav kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, qee qhov kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau tswj hwm:

1. Carbon rau nitrogen piv

Haum rau 25: 1:

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm aerobic compost raw khoom yog (25-35): 1, cov txheej txheem fermentation yog qhov ceev tshaj plaws, yog tias aerobic tsawg dhau (20: 1), kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob yuav raug inhibited vim tsis muaj zog.Yog li ntawd, qhov decomposition qeeb thiab tsis tiav, thiab thaum cov qoob loo loj heev (feem ntau (6080): 1), nitrogen-muaj tshuaj xws li tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu yuav tsum tau ntxiv, thiab cov pa roj carbon-nitrogen hloov mus rau 30: 1 muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kab mob.Cov dej num uas txhawb kev decomposition ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv compost thiab shorten lub sij hawm fermentation.

 

2. Cov ntsiab lus noo noo

50% ~ 60%:

Moisture yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem composting.Microbial lub neej kev ua ub no yuav tsum tau ua kom tas li ntawm ib puag ncig ib puag ncig kom nqus dej kom tswj tau cov metabolism.Cov kab mob tsuas tuaj yeem nqus cov as-ham soluble, thiab cov khoom siv compost tuaj yeem yooj yim ua mos tom qab nqus dej.Thaum cov dej cov ntsiab lus siab dua 80%, cov dej molecules sau rau sab hauv ntawm cov khoom thiab dhau mus rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, txo cov porosity ntawm pawg thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov pa roj thiab cov pa loj hloov mus, ua rau cov pawg hauv zos anaerobic. inhibits Cov kev ua ntawm aerobic microorganisms tsis haum rau high-temperature aerobic fermentation nrog cov ntaub ntawv noo noo cov ntsiab lus hauv qab 40%, uas yuav ua rau kom lub pore qhov chaw ntawm lub heap thiab ua rau kom poob ntawm dej molecules, uas ua rau cov tsub zuj zuj ntawm dej tsis txaus nyob rau hauv cov dej. , uas tsis haum rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob thiab cuam tshuam rau fermentation.Hauv cov chiv, dej tuaj yeem ntxiv rau cov qoob loo straw, sawdust, thiab fungus bran.

 

 

3. Cov ntsiab lus oxygen

8% ~ 18%:

Qhov xav tau oxygen hauv compost yog cuam tshuam nrog cov organic teeb meem hauv compost.Qhov ntau cov organic teeb meem, qhov ntau dua qhov kev siv oxygen.Feem ntau, cov pa oxygen xav tau thaum lub sij hawm composting nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm carbon dioxide.Nws yog qhov kev ua haujlwm decomposition ntawm cov kab mob aerobic thiab xav tau qhov cua zoo.Yog tias qhov cua tsis zoo, cov kab mob aerobic yog inhibited thiab cov nplooj lwg matures maj mam.Yog hais tias qhov cua yog siab dhau lawm, tsis tsuas yog cov dej thiab cov as-ham nyob rau hauv lub compost yuav poob ntau dhau lawm, tab sis kuj cov organic teeb meem yuav tsum decomposed, uas yog tsis conducive mus rau tsub zuj zuj ntawm humus.

 

4. Kub

50-65 ° C:

Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm composting, qhov kub ntawm lub heap feem ntau yog ze rau qhov kub thiab txias.Qhov kub ntawm cov nplooj lwg yog rhuab sai sai los ntawm cov kab mob mesophilic rau 1 mus rau 2 hnub, thiab qhov kub ntawm lub pob taws nce mus txog 50 txog 65 ° C, uas feem ntau yog khaws cia rau 5 mus rau 6 hnub.Txhawm rau tua cov kab mob pathogenic, kab qe, thiab cov noob nyom, ua tiav qhov ntsuas tsis muaj teeb meem, thiab ua kom lub cev qhuav dej, qhov ntsuas kub thaum kawg txo qis los txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm cov as-ham thiab tsim ntawm humus.Qhov kub qis dhau yuav ua rau lub sij hawm loj hlob ntawm cov nplooj lwg, thaum qhov kub thiab txias (> 70 ° C) yuav cuam tshuam qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov nplooj lwg thiab ua rau kev noj ntau dhau ntawm cov organic teeb meem thiab ntau cov ammonia volatilization, uas. cuam ​​tshuam qhov zoo.compost.

 

5. pH ua

pH6-9:

PH yog ib qho tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.Feem ntau, cov kab mob microorganisms tsim nyog thaum pH nruab nrab lossis me ntsis alkaline.Cov pH siab dhau los yog qis dhau yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke.Nws yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cellulose thiab protein.Qhov zoo tshaj pH tus nqi ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg thiab nqaij qaib quav yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 7.5 thiab 8.0, thiab cov substrate degradation tus nqi yuav luag 0 thaum pH tus nqi tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 5.0.Thaum pH ≥ 9.0, qhov degradation tus nqi ntawm substrate txo qis thiab qhov poob ntawm ammonia nitrogen yog qhov hnyav.Tus nqi pH muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm microbial thiab cov ntsiab lus nitrogen.Feem ntau, tus nqi pH ntawm cov khoom siv raw yuav tsum yog 6.5.Ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm ammonia nitrogen yog generated nyob rau hauv aerobic fermentation, uas ua rau kom tus nqi pH.Tag nrho cov txheej txheem fermentation yog nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw alkaline nrog siab pH.Tus nqi pH nce nitrogen poob, thiab pH tus nqi yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau hauv lub Hoobkas ceev fermentation.

 

Nyem mus nyeem Part 1.

 
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Post lub sij hawm: Apr-07-2022