Yuav siv straw li cas thaum composting?

Straw yog cov pov tseg tom qab peb sau nplej, nplej, thiab lwm yam qoob loo.Txawm li cas los xij, raws li peb txhua tus paub, vim muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm straw, nws tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua compost.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm straw composting yog txheej txheem ntawm mineralization thiab humification ntawm cov organic teeb meem xws li qoob loo straw los ntawm cov kab mob sib kis.Nyob rau theem pib ntawm composting, cov txheej txheem mineralization yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb, thiab tom qab theem yog dominated los ntawm cov txheej txheem humification.Los ntawm composting, carbon-nitrogen piv ntawm cov organic teeb meem yuav nqaim, cov as-ham nyob rau hauv cov organic teeb meem yuav raug tso tawm, thiab kis tau tus kab mob, kab qe, thiab nroj tsuag noob nyob rau hauv lub composting khoom yuav txo tau.Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem decomposing ntawm compost tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug txheej txheem ntawm decomposition thiab resynthesis ntawm cov organic teeb meem, tab sis kuj yog ib tug txheej txheem ntawm kev kho mob.Qhov ceev thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem no cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, cov kab mob, thiab nws ib puag ncig.High-temperature composting feem ntau mus rau theem ntawm cua sov, txias, thiab fertilizing.

Cov xwm txheej uas straw compost yuav tsum ua raws li:

Feem ntau nyob rau hauv tsib yam: noo noo, huab cua, kub, carbon-nitrogen piv, thiab pH.

• Moisture.Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob thiab kev ceev ntawm composting.Cov khoom siv composting tau yooj yim decomposed los ntawm cov kab mob tom qab nws nqus dej, nthuav dav, thiab softens.Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus noo noo yuav tsum yog 60% -75% ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws dej tuav lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv composting.
• Cua.Tus nqi ntawm cov huab cua hauv compost ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov decomposition ntawm cov organic teeb meem.Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kho cov huab cua, cov txheej txheem ntawm thawj loosening thiab tom qab ntawd nruj stacking tuaj yeem raug saws, thiab cov cua ntsawj ntshab thiab cov qhov cua qhov cua tuaj yeem teeb tsa rau hauv cov xuab zeb, thiab cov nplooj lwg tuaj yeem npog nrog npog.
• Kub.Ntau hom microorganisms hauv compost muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas kub.Feem ntau, qhov tsim nyog kub rau cov kab mob anaerobic yog 25-35 ° C, rau cov kab mob aerobic, 40-50 ° C, rau cov kab mob mesophilic, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub yog 25-37 ° C, thiab rau cov kab mob kub siab.Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub yog 60-65 ℃, thiab nws cov haujlwm yog inhibited thaum nws tshaj 65 ℃.Qhov kub hnyiab tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li lub caij nyoog.Thaum ua chiv rau lub caij ntuj no, ntxiv nyuj, yaj, thiab cov quav cab kom nce qhov cua sov hauv qhov cub los yog muab lub pob zeb kom sov.Thaum composting nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, qhov cua kub kub nce sai heev, ces tig lub qhov rais compost, thiab dej yuav tsum tau ntxiv kom txo tau qhov cua kub kom pab tau nitrogen preservation.
• Carbon rau nitrogen ratio.Kev tsim nyog carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom cov nplooj lwg decomposing, tsis txhob noj cov pa roj carbon ntau, thiab txhawb kev sib txuas ntawm humus.High-temperature composting mas siv cov straws ntawm cereal qoob loo raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws cov carbon-nitrogen piv feem ntau yog 80-100: 1, thaum cov pa roj carbon-nitrogen piv xav tau rau microbial kev ua ub no yog hais txog 25: 1, uas yog hais. Thaum cov kab mob decompose organic teeb meem, txhua 1 feem ntawm nitrogen, 25 feem ntawm carbon yuav tsum tau assimilated.Thaum cov pa roj carbon-nitrogen ntau dua 25: 1, vim qhov kev txwv ntawm microbial kev ua ub no, decomposition ntawm organic teeb meem qeeb, thiab tag nrho cov decomposed nitrogen yog siv los ntawm cov kab mob lawv tus kheej, thiab zoo nitrogen tsis tuaj yeem tso tawm hauv cov chiv. .Thaum qhov sib piv ntawm carbon-nitrogen tsawg dua 25: 1, cov kab mob kis tau sai, cov ntaub ntawv tau yooj yim decomposed, thiab cov nitrogen muaj txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem tso tawm, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov humus.Yog li ntawd, cov pa roj carbon-nitrogen piv ntawm nyom straw yog qhov dav, thiab cov pa roj carbon-nitrogen piv yuav tsum tau hloov kho rau 30-50: 1 thaum composting.Feem ntau, tib neeg cov quav sib npaug rau 20% ntawm cov khoom siv compost lossis 1% -2% nitrogen chiv ntxiv kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov kab mob rau nitrogen thiab ua kom lub decomposing ntawm compost.
• Acidity thiab alkalinity (pH).Cov kab mob tsuas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qee yam ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkali.Feem ntau cov kab mob nyob rau hauv cov compost xav tau ib tug nruab nrab ntawm me ntsis alkaline acid-base ib puag ncig (pH 6.4-8.1), thiab qhov zoo tshaj pH yog 7.5.Ntau yam organic acids feem ntau yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm composting, tsim ib tug acidic ib puag ncig thiab cuam tshuam rau cov kev ua ub no ntawm cov kab mob.Yog li ntawd, tus nqi tsim nyog (2% -3% ntawm strawweight) ntawm txiv qaub lossis tsob ntoo tshauv yuav tsum tau ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm composting los kho pH.Kev siv qee qhov nyiaj ntawm superphosphate tuaj yeem txhawb cov compost kom paub tab.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm straw high-temperature composting technology:

1. Ordinary composting method:

• Xaiv qhov chaw.Xaiv qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm qhov dej thiab yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los.Qhov loj ntawm cov compost nyob ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov khoom siv.Hauv av yog pounded, ces ib txheej ntawm qhuav zoo av yog muab tso rau hauv qab, thiab ib txheej ntawm uncuted qoob loo stalks yog muab tso rau sab saum toj raws li ib tug aerated txaj (txog 26 cm tuab).
• tuav straw.Straw thiab lwm yam khoom siv organic yog muab tso rau ntawm lub txaj hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, txhua txheej yog li 20 cm tuab, thiab tib neeg cov quav thiab cov zis yog nchuav los ntawm txheej (tsawg dua hauv qab thiab ntau dua rau saum)., kom cov hauv qab yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog hauv av, rub tawm cov ntoo stick tom qab stacking, thiab cov seem uas yog siv los ua qhov cua qhov.
• Compost khoom ratio.Qhov piv ntawm straw, tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, thiab cov av zoo yog 3: 2: 5, thiab 2-5% calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer yog ntxiv rau sib tov compost thaum cov khoom xyaw ntxiv, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov kho ntawm phosphorus thiab txhim kho. Cov chiv ua kom zoo ntawm calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer tseem ceeb heev.
• Regulates noo noo.Feem ntau, nws raug nquahu kom tuav cov khoom hauv tes yog tias muaj cov tee dej.Khawb ib lub qhov tob txog 30 cm tob thiab 30 cm dav nyob ib ncig ntawm lub compost, thiab cog cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm kom tsis txhob poob ntawm manure.
• Av nplaum.Tshem lub pob tawb nrog av nkos txog li 3 cm.Thaum lub cev heaped maj mam nqus dej thiab qhov kub hauv lub heap maj mam poob, tig lub pob zeb, sib tov cov khoom tsis zoo ntawm cov npoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv sab hauv sib npaug, thiab rov ua dua.Yog tias cov khoom pom tias muaj kab mob dawb Thaum lub cev txhob lo lo ntxhuav tshwm, ntxiv cov dej kom tsim nyog, thiab rov muab cov av nkos rov qab.Thaum nws yog ib nrab-decomposed, nias nws nruj nreem thiab kaw rau tom qab siv.
• Lub cim ntawm lub compost yog decomposed.Thaum tag nrho decomposed, cov xim ntawm cov qoob loo straw yog xim av mus rau tsaus xim av, straw yog mos heev los yog tov rau hauv ib lub pob, thiab cov nroj tsuag residue tsis pom tseeb.Muab cov compost los ntawm tes kom nyem tawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas tsis muaj xim thiab tsis muaj ntxhiab tom qab lim tawm.

2. Fast-rot composting method:

• Xaiv qhov chaw.Xaiv qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm qhov dej thiab yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los.Qhov loj ntawm cov compost nyob ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov khoom siv.Yog tias koj xaiv hauv av tiaj tus, koj yuav tsum tsim kom muaj qhov siab ntawm 30 cm nyob ib ncig ntawm nws kom tsis txhob muaj dej ntws.
• tuav straw.Feem ntau muab faib ua peb txheej, lub thickness ntawm thawj thiab thib ob txheej yog 60 cm, lub thickness ntawm peb txheej yog 40 cm, thiab sib tov ntawm straw decomposing tus neeg saib xyuas thiab urea yog sib npaug ntawm cov txheej thiab nyob rau hauv peb txheej, straw. decomposing tus neeg saib xyuas thiab urea Qhov ntau npaum ntawm qhov sib tov yog 4: 4: 2 los ntawm hauv qab mus rau saum.Qhov dav stacking feem ntau yuav tsum yog 1.6-2 meters, qhov siab stacking yog 1.0-1.6 meters, thiab qhov ntev nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw.Tom qab stacking, nws yog ntim nrog av (los yog zaj duab xis).20-25 hnub tuaj yeem lwj thiab siv tau, qhov zoo yog qhov zoo, thiab cov ntsiab lus zoo ntawm cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
• Khoom siv thiab piv.Raws li 1 tuj straw, 1 kg ntawm straw decomposing tus neeg saib xyuas (xws li "301" kab mob, rot straw ntsuj plig, tshuaj ripening tus neeg sawv cev, "HEM" kab mob, enzyme kab mob, thiab lwm yam), thiab ces 5 kg ntawm urea ( los yog 200- 300 kg ntawm decomposed tib neeg quav thiab zis) kom tau raws li cov nitrogen xav tau rau microbial fermentation, thiab kho cov pa roj carbon-nitrogen piv yog tsim nyog.
• Tswj cov dej noo.Ua ntej composting, soak lub straw nrog dej.Qhov piv ntawm straw qhuav rau dej feem ntau yog 1: 1.8 kom cov dej noo ntawm cov quav cab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 60% -70%.Tus yuam sij rau kev vam meej lossis tsis ua tiav.